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Which of the following is considered a pollutant and cannot be discharged in the waters of Canada?

  1. Fresh water

  2. Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon composites

  3. Salt

  4. Ice

The correct answer is: Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon composites

Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon composites are considered pollutants because they can harm aquatic life and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. Fresh water, salt, and ice are all naturally occurring substances and are not considered pollutants. While salt can have negative impacts if present in high concentrations, it is found to be naturally present in many bodies of water and does not need to be strictly regulated like hydrocarbons. In addition, while ice can harm marine life if there is an excess of it, it is not typically found in bodies of water in large enough amounts to cause significant damage. Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon composites, on the other hand, can be found in large quantities due to human activity and can have harmful effects on the environment, making them a pollutant.